"Dona ndi Camellias"

Kukongola kwachikondi ndi zinthu zakale zoyambira zamamellielli adakhala gwero la nthano zambiri komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi duwa. Malinga ndi nthano, camellias ndi maluwa okongola, koma opanda moyo - chizindikiro cha kuzizira ndi kusamva bwino, chiphiphiritso cha akazi okongola, koma opanda mtima omwe, osakonda, oseketsa ndikuwononga.

Camellia ndi Japan. © naitokz

Pali nthano ngati iyi yokhudza kupezeka kwa camellia padziko lapansi.

Erotu (Cupid), wokhutitsidwa ndi chikondi cha milungu yachikazi ya Olimpiki ndi azimayi apadziko lapansi, amayi ake Aphrodite (Venus) adamulangiza kuti awulukire ku pulaneti ina. Pa Saturn, adamva nyimbo za angelo ndipo adawona akazi okongola okhala ndi thupi loyera, tsitsi la silvery ndi maso amdima. Anaimbira nyimbo zotamanda Mulungu kuti anawapatsa madzi oundana, omwe amachepetsa zikhumbo zawo ndikuzimitsa zilako zonse. Amayang'ana Eros, amasilira kukongola kwake, koma sanali okonda iye. Mwachabe adawombera mivi yake pachabe. Kenako, posimidwa, adathamangira kwa Aphrodite, yemwe, atakwiya ndi azimayi osaganizika kuti alibe moyo, adaganiza kuti zolengedwa zopanda nzeruzo ndizosayenera kukhala akazi ndipo adayenera kutsika kudzakhala maluwa. Ndipo zolengedwa zokongola, zopanda moyo izi zidasandulika camelia.

Camellia (Latin Camellia) ndi mtundu wamitengo yobiriwira kapena zitsamba za banja la Tiyi (Theaceae).

Mitundu ya camellia idatchuka polemekeza a Moravian wachilengedwe komanso wansembe George Joseph Kamelius (1661-1706), yemwe adayamba kubweretsa camellia ku Europe kuchokera ku Philippines.

Camellia ndi phiri. © Vicki DeLoach

Mu mtundu wa Camellia (Camellia L.), pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 yazomera za mabanja a tiyi. Kugawidwa kumadera otentha komanso madera a Southeast ndi East Asia, kumapeto kwa Indochina, Korea, Japan, zilumba za Java, Sulawesi, ndi Philippines.

Oimira mtunduwo ndi zitsamba zobiriwira kapena mitengo yaying'ono. Masamba ndi osavuta, owoneka bwino mpaka ofala komanso ovota, okopa, amaso, otsogola kapena amaso, amodzi nthawi imodzi, nthawi zina 2-3; pamakhala mafinya osambira, apinki, ofiira, oyera kapena oyenda pansi, ambiri stamens.

Mitundu ina ndi yofalikira ngati maluwa okongola nthawi zonse ndi maluwa; amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potchera malo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe mu paki nthawi yachilimwe.

Mchipindacho, camellia chimamera, chimamasula, ndipo chimabala zipatso, ngati chimaperekedwa mosamala. Zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kwa amateur kuyesera kukula kwa camellia kunyumba: chinyezi chochepa, kusowa kwa kuwala, kutentha kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osayenera a nthaka. Limamasula nthawi yozizira pa kutentha osaposa 12 ° C. Nthawi yamaluwa achitsamba cha camellia ndi miyezi 1-3. Duwa limodzi limakhala mpaka mwezi. Muchipinda cha chikhalidwe, camellia imakhala ndi nthawi ziwiri zokulira: mu February, masamba atsopano amawoneka ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kukula, m'chilimwe pali kupangika kwa masamba ophukira komwe kumakula kokha mutatha maluwa, mchaka chamawa.

Camellia ndi Japan. © Drew Avery

Chisamaliro

Camellia amakonda kuwala kowala, koyenera kukula pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. M'mawindo akuwonekera chakumwera, mbewuyo imapatsidwa shading kuchokera ku dzuwa. M'mawindo akumpoto, mbewuyo singakhale ndi kuwala kokwanira kukula. Kuti koronayo alibe mbali imodzi, mbewuyo imatha kutembenukira ku kuwala. Pokhapokha pokhapokha musachite izi nthawi ya budding: kusokoneza chomera nthawi imeneyi, mudzapeza masamba ogwetsa.

M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imatha kuwonekera panja, pamalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa.

Panyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, camellia imakonda kutentha kwa mpweya m'chigawo cha 20-25 ° C. Pa kuyala maluwa, kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C kumafunikira, ndipo pakutulutsa maluwa mu Disembala - Febere, m'malo mwake, 8-12 ° C. Pamatenthedwe apamwamba, maluwa amatuluka kale, koma mtundu wa maluwawo udzakhala woipa, pamakhala chiwopsezo chotsika. Ndikakhala ndi nthawi yochepa masana, masamba a maluwa amatha kupezekanso kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C.

Camellia amafunika kulumikizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino.

Camellia ndi phiri. © James Gaither

M'chilimwe, camellias amathiriridwa madzi, zochulukirapo, pambuyo pazoumba wapamwamba, ma camellias sayenera kuthiridwa. Ndi zabwino kuzizira nyengo yozizira, kupewa acidization nthaka, madzi mosamala. Chifukwa cha acidization nthaka, masamba kutembenukira bulauni, ndipo maluwa amagwa. Kuchokera pakuuma kwanyengo yayitali, mbewuzo zimatsitsa masamba awo. Mtengowo sulekerera kuchuluka kwa calcium m'madzi, chifukwa chake uyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa, osakhazikika.

Camellia amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, ndikofunikira kupaka mafuta nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofewa, okhazikika, amaika miphika ndi mbewu pamatayala okhala ndi dothi kapena lonyowa. Nthawi yamaluwa, imapopanitsidwa mosamala, kupewa chinyezi pamaluwa.

Kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse, ma camellias amapatsidwa feteleza wokwanira wamitengo wokwanira 1 g / l. Kudyetsa kumachitika chaka chonse.

Camellias ndi mbewu zazifupi, ndipo chizindikiritso ndi maluwa wamba, tsiku lowala la maola 12-14 ndilabwino kwambiri. Poika masamba, maluwa akuluakulu amafunikanso kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C; akamakula m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso m'malo otetezeka, maluwa samaikidwa. Nthawi yamera (December-February) camellias amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C (12 ° C); pa kutentha kwambiri (18-20 ° C) kumakhala maluwa osachedwa, pomwe maluwawo amakhala ovuta, ndipo masamba agwa; yotsirizirayi imadziwikanso pamene mbewu zomwe zili mgawo losunthira zimasunthidwa kupita kumalo ena (kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kuwala kumakhudza). M'madera okhala ndi maola ochepa masana, maluwa amatha kutha kutentha 8-10 8-10.

Mu Okutobala-Novembro, mphukira amazidulira kuti akuchulitse masamba a axillary.

Camellia ndi Japan. © abambo

Ana aang'ono a camellias amawokedwa chaka chilichonse. Zomera zomwe zimamera pachaka zimasinthidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Wogulitsa umachitika mchaka, nthawi yomweyo uzitsina nsonga za mphukira kuti nthambi zanthe bwino. Kwa camellias, nthaka ya acidic imakonda (pH 4.5-5). Mwa mbewu zambiri zam'mlengalenga, camellias amatha kutulutsa dothi loumbidwa ndi pH wa 4 kapena wotsika. Zomwe zimapangidwira gawo lapansi zitha kukhala izi: turf - 1 ora, peat - 2 maola, heather kapena tsamba - 2 maola, mchenga - 1 ora. Zomera za Kadok sizodzalidwa kawirikawiri, koma kuwaza nthaka ndi pachaka ndikofunikira. Pansi pa thankiyo perekani madzi abwino.

Kuswana

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yofalitsira ma camellias ndi mbewu.

Mbewu zosankhidwa zatsopano zimafunikira kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo (zimataya msanga kumera, popeza zimakhala ndi mafuta ochuluka) muzosakaniza peat ndi mchenga (1: 1). Kutentha kwambiri pakumera (20-22 ° C) kumathandizira kukula kwa mbande, zomwe zimatenga milungu ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi.

Zomera zomwe zimachokera ku njere zimatha kusintha mikhalidwe yolimba ndikukula mwachangu. Mitundu ndi mitundu imatha kutulutsa kale mchaka cha 2-3 mutabzala (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mchaka cha 5-7).

Ma camellias osakanikirana bwino amafalitsidwa ndi ma cutter-lignified, omwe amawadula theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Kuti mbewu imere mwachangu, zimafalitsa ndikumalumikiza pazomera zomwe zimapezeka pambewu. Katemera ndi bwino kuchita masabata atatu isanayambike nyengo yamasika.

Njira imodzi yochepetsera nthawi yambiri yofotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya camellias ndi kuyika kwamlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke mbewu zoyenda bwino komanso zathanzi mchaka chachiwiri.

Mitundu

Camellia phiri (Camellia sasanqua)

Amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri kuzilumba za Kyushu, Okinawa. Zitsamba mpaka 3-4 (mpaka 5) m wamtali, wokhala ndi nthambi zopyapyala komanso mphukira zaubweya wofiyira. Masamba ndi elliptical kapena oblong-ovate, 3-7 cm kutalika, 1.5-3 cm mulifupi, momveka bwino, serrate kumapeto, kwamtambo ndi kobiriwira wakuda pamwambapa, wokhala ndi tsitsi la pubescent midrib pansipa. Maluwa ndi osakwatiwa kapena osankhidwa 2-3, mpaka masentimita 6,7, osavuta, oyera, apinki kapena ofiira, onunkhira. Limamasula kwambiri mu Novembala ndi Januware. Monga zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa pachikhalidwe chake chimaberekedwa makamaka mitundu yaminda. Oyenera zipinda zozizira.

Camellia ndi phiri. © M a n u u l

Chinese Camellia (Camellia sinensis), kapena Tiyi Bush (Thea sinensis)

Zitsamba kapena mitengo mpaka 10-15 m wamtali. Masamba ndi ovoid kapena elliptical, 5-10 cm kutalika ndi 2-4 cm mulifupi, lakuthwa m'mphepete, obiriwira amdima komanso glossy pamwamba; choyera choyera, kenako chobala. Maluwa amakonzedwa kamodzi kapena amatengedwa 2-3, pamafupipafupi, axillary, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera. Mitunduyi imadziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe; ozindikira madera akumtunda, makamaka m'malo okhala chinyezi. Pali mitundu yambiri. Chakumwa cha tiyi chomwe chili ndi tannin ndi tiyi kapena khofi. Kutengera pokonza masamba obiriwira ang'onoang'ono obiriwira ndipo pamwamba pa mphukira, tiyi wakuda, wakuda, wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira wagulitsidwa (tiyi wobiriwira amakonzedwa popanda kupesa). Kunja kwa madera otentha, masamba a tiyi amalimidwa m'minda yaminda, m'malo obiriwira ozizira.

Camellia ndi Wachichaina. © dxnitalia

Camellia yaku Japan (Camellia japonica)

Imapezeka m'nkhalango ku China, Japan, Korea. Zitsamba kapena mitengo 10-12 (mpaka 15) mita wamtali. Masamba ndi elliptical kapena ovoid, kutalika kwa 5-10 cm, owongoka, osinthika, serrate, okopa, amtundu wakuda, wobiriwira. Maluwa amakhala okha kapena osonkhanitsidwa zingapo, masentimita anayi (muchikhalidwe chomwe amalima kwambiri m'minda yamtundu waukulu, masentimita 7-12, maluwa), yosavuta, iwiri kapena iwiri, yapinki, yofiyira, yoyera, yokhala ndi mitundu yayikulu, pafupi wozungulira. Amaluwa kwambiri mu Disembala ndi Epulo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yofala pachikhalidwe, koma mitundu yamaluwa, yomwe imasiyana pamtunda, kukula kwamaluwa, makonzedwe a mitundu ndi mitundu. Kunja kwa subtropics, chomera chomwe chimadziwikanso kwambiri mu chikhalidwe, chimamera muzipinda zabwino ngati chomera, chaminga yopanga mphira komanso pansi; Amakula ndipo limamasula bwino m'zipinda, safuna kuposa 12 ° C nthawi yozizira. Zipatso mu greenh m'nyumba.

Camellia ndi Japan. © pelican

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chifukwa cha matenda ena a fungus, mawanga amtundu wakuda amawoneka pamasamba ndi brownish - pamakhala, pakavulaza kwambiri - ndikutsatira maluwa. Kukonzekera kwa fungicidal kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma ndibwino kutaya chomera chomwe chili ndi kachilombo. Chinyezi chambiri cha dothi chimayambitsa kuvunda kwamizu.

Oidium, yomwe imadziwoneka ngati masamba otuwa pamasamba, imatha kuthetsedwa ndi sulufu kapena mankhwala ena fungicidal. Camellia imazindikira kachilombo ka nkhaka, komwe kamayambitsa chikasu cha mitsempha ya masamba. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs zimadyetsa timadziti ta mbewu, kuphatikiza apo, zimatulutsa dzenje, komwe niello imayamba. Tiziromboti timatayidwa pochiza ndi thonje swab kapena burashi womoikidwa mumowa, kapena ndi mankhwala apadera (motsutsana ndi ma aphid ndi anti-colic). Vuto lalikulu la camellias ndi Scosar payekha - mtundu wa weevil-weevil, womwe mphutsi zake zimawononga mizu, ndipo kafadala wamkulu amawononga khosi lomwe limabweretsa imfa. Tizilombo timatayidwa ndi njira yothetsera kukonzekera koyenera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi gawo la mbewu kapena kunyowetsa dothi nalo.