Kodi biofungicides amateteza bwanji mbeu?

Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense akufuna kupeza zokolola zabwino. Ndipo palibe munthu m'modzi amene safuna kuti zipatso za mbewuyi zikhale zokoma, zathanzi komanso zotetezeka. Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji zoterezi? Yankho lili m'zinthu zathu.

Kodi chingalepheretse chiyani kupeza mbewu yabwino? Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, mzaka 50 zapitazi, chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwathunthu ndi mbewu ndizomera zosiyanasiyana komanso kuwonongeka kwawo ndi tizirombo.

Mpaka pano, owopsa kwambiri pazomera zam'munda ndi mycoses ndi bacterioses.

Mycoses (kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambiri) ndi kowopsa chifukwa bowa, monga ma tizilombo ena onse, amakula mosazindikira. Ndipo kuti athe kutsatira moyo wawo komanso kupewa zoopsa zomwe akumana nazo, wasayansi wamasiku ano amafunika kudziphatikiza ndi ma microscope ndikuyitanitsa akatswiri asayansi, akatswiri a zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, akatswiri othandizira zamagetsi komanso akatswiri ena kuti athandizidwe.

Mycoses (matenda a fungal) amakhala pafupifupi 80% ya matenda onse azomera. Ndipo owopsa kwambiri mwa iwo ndi Powy Powew, blight mochedwa, kuwonera masamba, zowola imvi, mwendo wakuda, khansa wamba (European).

Bacteriosis (Zowonongeka ndi mabakiteriya) ndizowopsa chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kutero. Zomera zitha “kugwira” kachilomboka kulikonse komanso nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko, chifukwa mabakiteriya ali pafupifupi kulikonse - m'nthaka, pa chida chamunda, ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale nyama, mbalame ndi tizilombo touluka titha kukhala onyamula tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Mabakiteriya owopsa kwambiri: kuwotcha mabakiteriya, khansa ya bakiteriya, kuwola kwa bakiteriya, kupenya kwa bakiteriya, bacteriosis ya mtima.

Momwe kupezeka kwa penicillin kunathandizira okhalamo nthawi ya chilimwe pomenyera mbewuyi

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha asayansi chikufufuza bowa. Makamaka adalandira chidwi chachikulu atazindikira zakufunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20, zomwe zidapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri.

Mu 1928, wasayansi wina wa ku Britain dzina lake Alexander Fleming adachita kafukufuku wa Staphylococcus aureus, bacterium yoopsa yomwe imayambitsa matenda ambiri mwa anthu. Tsiku lina, wasayansi adabwera ku labotale ndipo adawona mulu wonse wa mbale za Petri zomwe, chifukwa cha "kusasamala," m'modzi mwa othandizira ogwira nawo ntchito adayiwala kutumiza kuti atuluke ndikutsuka (monga akatswiri asayansi ofufuza zaumoyo, adayiwala "kupha"). Ndipo tsopano, popenda zotsatira za kuyesera kotsatira, Fleming adazindikira kuti mumodzi mwa mbale za Petri pafupi ndi mabakiteriya odziwika a Staphylococcus aureus nkhungu yobiriwira imakula - ndipo onani! Komwe nkhungu imakula, mabakiteriya amafa, ndikusiya malo owonekera pa michere sing'anga.

Fleming adatcha izi zatsopano mankhwala (“anti"- motsutsana,"bios"- moyo). Kutengera ndi ntchito yake, asayansi aku Oxford - Howard Flory ndi Ernst Chain - adatha kupeza mankhwala oyera penicillin (mankhwala omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana ambiri).

Fleming atatulukira, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi anayamba kufufuza mosamalitsa bowa. Monga momwe kafukufuku wawo wasonyezera, kuwonjezera pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono padziko lapansi, palinso bowa wopindulitsa yemwe ali ndi phindu pazomera. Bowa amapanga maantibayotiki ndi zinthu zina zokhala ndi zochita zambiri zapamwamba, zomwe zimalepheretsa mafangasi oyipa komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mmodzi mwa othandizawa ndi bowa. trichoderma.

Bowa wa Trichoderma.

Trichoderma motsutsana ndi matenda a chomera

Trichoderma (Trichoderma) "Amadya" bowa woyipa, makamaka amene amayambitsa vuto lakumapeto, fusarium, zowola imvi za zipatso, mwendo wakuda ndi matenda ena abwinobwino a chomera.

Pamaziko a trichoderma, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, adayamba kupanga zokonzekera zosiyanasiyana zoteteza, zomwe adazitcha biofungicides. Mankhwalawa amatha kuthana ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera ndipo nthawi yomweyo samakhala ndi vuto lililonse kwa anthu, ziweto ndi tizilombo tothandiza.

Mankhwala oyamba a Trichoderma anali Trichodermin wodziwika bwino. Koma zinali zosiyana ndi zina chifukwa zinali ndi moyo waufupi kwambiri - masiku 30 okha pomwe zimasungidwa mufiriji.

Zachilengedwe zamakono Trichoplantzopangidwa ndi asayansi NPO BiotehsoyuzIli ndi alumali lalitali kwambiri (miyezi 9!) Ndi kuthekera kosunga malo ake opindulitsa ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili munthaka za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mtundu wa Trichoderma, mankhwalawa amapsinjitsa ma causative othandizira a fusariosis, tracheomycosis, tsoosis, alternariosis, kuvulala koyipa, kuzungulira imvi, ascochitosis, helminthosporiasis, rhizoctonia, mwendo wakuda, kuzola koyera, ndi kufalikira kwa vericillinous.

Trichoplant itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kwa mitundu yonse ya ntchito m'munda, dimba la khitchini, nyumba yachilimwe komanso chiwembu cha anthu

Zochita paulimi zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Trichoplant:

Chithandizo cha mbewu kuti chithandizire kumera, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha mbande ndi kupewa matenda.

Kulowetsa njere mu ntchito yothetsera (50 ml yazinthu zowerengeka pa 100 ml ya madzi) kwa mphindi 60 musanafesere.

Kubzala mbande zathandizira kusintha kupulumuka ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chomera.

Kuthira mitsuko yokhala ndi mbande yokhala ndi yankho la mbande zomwe sizikhala ndi chakudya cham'munda - kumiza mizu mu yankho logwira ntchito (50-100 ml yazinthu zachilengedwe pa malita 10 amadzi).

Tilima musanabzalire kuti chithandizire ndikuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kuthirira dothi pamlingo wa 1 lita imodzi yankho la ntchito (50 ml yazinthu zachilengedwe pamalita 10 a madzi) pa 1 sq.m.

Chithandizo cha muzu wazomera kuti mulimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira komanso kupewa matenda.

Kuthirira mbewu ndi yankho (50-75 ml ya chinthu chachilengedwe malita 10 a madzi) pansi pa muzu nthawi yakula ndikubalirana kwa masiku 10-12.

Yophukira ndi kuphulika kwa masika. Kuthira manyowa m'nthaka ndi kubzala zinyalala musazinyengere m'nthaka.

Kuthirira nthaka pamlingo wa malita 10 a magwiridwe antchito (100-150 ml ya zinthu zachilengedwe pa malita 10 a madzi) pa 1 ekala (masika 1-2 milungu isanafesere / kubzala, mu nthawi ya mvula - mutakolola).

Kamodzi pansi, Trichoderma imayamba kuchulukana ndikuthamangitsa bowa wa pathogenic. Chifukwa chake, Trichoplant idzagwira ntchito osati monga prophylactic, komanso othandizira othandizira mu magawo oyamba a chitukuko cha matenda (mbewu zodwala ziyenera kuthiridwa nthawi yomweyo ndi yankho la mankhwala pansi pazu).

Trichoplant itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu iliyonse:

• kwa tomato - kuteteza kumapeto kwa vuto;
• asters ndi clematis - motsutsana ndi fusarium;
• kwa sitiroberi zam'munda ndi nkhaka - motsutsana ndi imvi ndi zola zowola, ndi zina.

Mankhwalawa ndi achilengedwe kwathunthu, kotero amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mbewu yabwino.

Monga mukuwonera, ndizotheka kulimbana ndi matenda owopsa a chomera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kampani ya Biotechsoyuz imatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso chitetezo cha zinthu zake zonse zachilengedwe. Mutha kudziwa zambiri zamakampani azomwe amapanga zamakono pa webusayiti iyi www.biotechsouz.ru.

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