Mbatata ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yolimidwa m'minda yakunyumba komanso nyumba zamalimwe. Komanso, ngakhale kufanana kwake ndiukadaulo waulimi m'magawo osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu, pali kusiyana kwinanso mwa njira zodzala ma tubers. Ichi ndichifukwa chake funso loti abzalire mbatata, limadetsa nkhawa ambiri, kuphatikizapo oyambitsa maluwa.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa kubzala tubers
Pali njira zingapo zobzala mbewu yomwe mwapatsidwa: m'maenje, zitunda, pansi pa fosholo kapena mizere. Komanso, kuya kwa tubers kumasiyana masentimita 5 mpaka 30 kapena kupitilira masentimita. Kodi chimatsimikizira kuya kwa mbatata
Zimadziwika ndi zinthu zingapo. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka dothi. Pamadothi opepuka komanso otayirira, kuya kwa ma tuber kumatha kukhala kokulirapo, popeza dothi loterolo limadutsa mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mbewuyo ikule mwachangu ndikupanga ma stolon ambiri mobisa, pomwe ambiri tubers amamangidwa. Pamadothi owonda, kuya kwa mbatata kumatha kukhala 5-8 cm.
- Kukula kwa tubers. Nthawi zambiri, ma tubers akuluakulu amatsekedwa mozama kuposa okuya, popeza ali ndi michere yokulirapo, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zimayambira mofulumira komanso mwachangu.
- Mtundu wobzala. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amayeseza kudula tubers kukhala zidutswa kuti ateteze kubzala. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi maso angapo kapena kuphukira. Gawo liyenera kukhala louma ndi kuthandizidwa ndi phulusa. Zinthu zobzala zotere nthawi zambiri zimatsekedwa mpaka akuya kosaposa 5-8 cm.
Njira zodzala mbatata
Kuyankha funso loti mubzale mbatata molondola, nkovuta kunena kuti njira yobzala tubers ndiyabwino kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, onse amawonetsa zotsatira zosiyana. Pali njira zingapo zodziwika bwino zobzala mbewuyi.
Kusankha kwa kubzala mbatata kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a mpumulo wamalo, malo olimapo, mulingo wamadzi apansi panthaka, zomwe amakonda payekha wam'munda.
Njira zofala kwambiri pobzala tubers ndi:
Pansi pa fosholo. M'minda ing'onoing'ono, ambiri amabzala mitengo yam'madzi pansi pa fosholo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atsekedwa pafupifupi kuya kwakuya kwa fosholo. Njira yodzala mbatata ndi yoyenera pamadothi opepuka komanso otayirira, pomwe pansi pamadzi ndi pazama kwambiri. Mukabzala mbatata "pansi pa fosholo" m'tsogolomu, ambiri amangopanga milu yaying'ono yazitali kuzungulira nthambi za chomera, popeza zochuluka za ma stolon ochulukawo zimakhala zakuya pansi ndipo palibe chifukwa chobzala pamalowo.- M'makhola. Njira iyi ndioyenera dothi lonyowa. Tubers timabzala m'mizere, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Popanga, zida zamaluwa kapena thirakitala mini amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mu ngalande. Mwa njira imeneyi, mizere yozama yakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Pansi pake pakudzaza ndi humus yoyenda. Kubzala zinthu kumatalikirana mbali zonse, ndikupanga kakhoma pamwamba pake, 10cm kutalika ndi 20 cm mulifupi.- "Pansi pa udzu." Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayiko osawoneka. Samakumba dothi konse. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi udzu. Pamene zimayambira zikukula, chiwerengero chake chimakwera pang'onopang'ono.
- Lirani m'mabowo, Yakuya masentimita 10. Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mitundu ya mbatata zoyambirira pamtunda wowala komanso wotayirira.
- Lisanachitike dzinja m'mabowo. Omwe alimi ena m'malo otentha, pomwe nthawi yotentha sikhala mwankhanza, amabzala mbatata kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Njira yobzala iyi imakupatsani mwayi wakututa kukolola koyambirira. Kuwala ndikutetezedwa bwino kumphepo. M'chilimwe, tuber imodzi imabzalidwa zitsime zokonzedwa. Pomwe zimayambira zimatulutsa. Asanayambe chisanu, nsonga zimadulidwa. Kuphatikiza ndi mbatata kumakutidwa ndi udzu, nthambi za spruce kapena masamba okugwa.
Pansi pa fosholo. M'minda ing'onoing'ono, ambiri amabzala mitengo yam'madzi pansi pa fosholo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atsekedwa pafupifupi kuya kwakuya kwa fosholo. Njira yodzala mbatata ndi yoyenera pamadothi opepuka komanso otayirira, pomwe pansi pamadzi ndi pazama kwambiri. Mukabzala mbatata "pansi pa fosholo" m'tsogolomu, ambiri amangopanga milu yaying'ono yazitali kuzungulira nthambi za chomera, popeza zochuluka za ma stolon ochulukawo zimakhala zakuya pansi ndipo palibe chifukwa chobzala pamalowo.
Mu ngalande. Mwa njira imeneyi, mizere yozama yakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Pansi pake pakudzaza ndi humus yoyenda. Kubzala zinthu kumatalikirana mbali zonse, ndikupanga kakhoma pamwamba pake, 10cm kutalika ndi 20 cm mulifupi.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti: Kodi ndingabzala mbatata mtunda uti? Zimatengera kukula kwa tubers, mitundu ya mbatata, njira yobzala. Pali njira zingapo zoyendera, zotchuka kwambiri zomwe ndi:
- mtunda pakati pa tubers - 40-50 masentimita, mzere kutalikirana - 50-70 cm;
- mitundu yoyambilira imabzalidwa ndi nthawi 30-30 cm, mzere kutalikirana - 50 cm.
Kukonzekeretsa kubzala
Zilonda zopangira kubzala ziyenera kukhala zolimba, popanda zizindikiro za matenda kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina. Masabata 2-3 asanabzalidwe tubers mu nthaka, iwo amamera pa kutentha pafupifupi 15-18 ° C. Zikaphukira zikafika pamlingo wa 0,5-1 masentimita zimatulutsidwa kwa masiku awiri 1-2. Kukonzekera kubzala kwamasamba koteroko sikumakupatsani tchire la mbatata lokhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi stolons.
Kubzala masamba kwa tirigu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamanja. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamaluwa osiyanasiyana. Chida chothandiza kwambiri ndi chobzala mbatata. Itha kugulidwa kumalo ogulitsira apadera kapena kupangidwa ndi manja anu. Zimangoyendetsa ntchito ya munthu, komanso zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera wa mbatata.
Kulima pamunda mutabzala
Popeza tubers imapangidwa pamphepete mwa chomeracho, mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuti imere nthawi zingapo pamnyengo ndi masabata awiri mpaka wobiriwira atatseka pakati pa mizere. Nthawi yomweyo milu ya dziko lapansi imakhala mozungulira chomera. Amathandizira pakapangidwe ka tubers ochulukirapo, komanso amateteza mbewu zazing'ono kuchokera ku ozizira mochedwa.
