Ndi munthu uti wokhala chilimwe yemwe sanalore kusangalala ndi fungo labwino komanso labwino pakati pa nthawi yachisanu? Loto ili likhoza kuzindikirika pomera msipu wobiriwira pamalo obiriwira m'nyumba yazinyumba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwaluso komanso moyenera, simungangopatsa banja lanu zipatso zabwinozi, komanso kukhazikitsa bizinesi yomwe ingabweretse phindu. Kutengera malamulo onse aukadaulo aulimi, sitiroberi chaka chonse mu wowonjezera kutentha adzakondwera ndi zokolola zambiri.
"Olondola" wowonjezera kutentha - chinsinsi cha kukolola kwakukulu
Kuti mukulitse msipu m'miyezi yozizira, mufunika wowonjezera kutentha. Zomwe zimagwira ngati chivundikiro cha wowonjezera kutentha zili ndi zofunika zapadera:
- kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu kwamphamvu;
- kuwala koyenera;
- mphamvu;
- kukana zovuta nyengo;
- mtengo wololera.
Magalasi ndi polycarbonate ndizofunikira kwambiri pazowonjezera kutentha. Komabe, galasi si cholimba kwambiri. Ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zobiriwira za polycarbonate ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa okhalamo nthawi yachilimwe ndipo ndi abwino pantchito monga kulima sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi yozizira.
Strawberry ndi chomera chojambulidwa, motero pansi pa kutentha komweku muyenera kutenga gawo lowala kwambiri komanso lowala kwambiri m'nyumba, popanda mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zomwe zimatha kupanga mthunzi. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo.
Kusankha kwa mitundu ya sitiroberi pakukula mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira
Kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu ya sitiroberi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuyenda bwino pakukula mbewuyi nthawi yozizira. Kuti mupeze zokolola zovomerezeka, ndikofunikira kutsatira zotsatirazi posankha mitundu:
- Zoning mitundu. Iyenera kukhala yoyanjanitsidwa kudera lomwe ikulira. Ngakhale mabulosi atha kukhala obiriwira, mitundu iyenera kubzalidwa kuti malimidwewo akhale.
- Mukamasankha mtundu wa sitiroberi kuti mugwiritse ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kuyikongoletsa pokonza mbewu zomwe zimapanga mosalekeza inflorescence, kupanga ma ovari, kenako ndi zipatso. Mitundu yotere imakulolani kuti muthe kupeza mabulosi a chaka chonse.
- Mitundu yoyambirira ya sitiroberi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kubzala wandiweyani, komwe kumalola kuti pakhale zipatso zochuluka m'dera limodzi.
- Kukula ndi kucha kwa zipatso zomwe zakulamo wowonjezera kutentha sikuyenera kukhudzidwa ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yamtundu wotchedwa "maola osalowererapo masana" imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nthawi yozizira. Ndi maola okhazikika masana, sitiroberi zamitundu iyi zimatulutsa mbewu yokhazikika.
- Kudzipukusa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukolola kwakukulu kwa sitiroberi ku greenhouse. Sikuti mulimi aliyense amene akufuna kuyikira umboni wobiriwira ndi njuchi zomwe zimapukutira mbewuzo. Njira yopukutira vutoli ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso imawononga nthawi yambiri. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yazipatso za sitiroberi kuti muzilima nthawi yozizira ndiyo njira yabwino koposa.
- Kudziyera kwa mitundu ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira posankha zinthu zodzala. Kuti mupeze mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndibwino kugula zinthu zodzala mu malo otsimikiziridwa, komanso ndibwino kuti mukule mbande za sitiroberi.
Kusankha mitundu yoyenera, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti ntchitoyi singapite pachabe ndipo nthawi yozizira mumatha kusangalala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso onunkhira.
Njira zokulitsira sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha
Ambiri okhala m'chilimwe amafunsa kuti: "Kodi mungakulitse bwanji ma fishi mu wowonjezera kutentha?". Kuti mupeze yankho la funsoli, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire zamakina osiyanasiyana omwe amakula bwino kwambiri.
Njira zotsatirazi zakulima msuzi ndizodziwika kwambiri, zopindulitsa kwambiri komanso zachuma:
- pansi;
- muzotengera zazing'ono;
- m'matumba apulasitiki.
Njira ziwiri zomaliza zimalumikizidwa ndi dzina limodzi - njira ya "Dutch". Tekinoloje iyi imakupatsani mwayi wokulira ma sitiroberi molunjika komanso molunjika, mizere imodzi kapena zingapo. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusamalira mabulosi obiriwira, ndikuwonjezera zokolola za msika kuchokera pa lalikulu mita. Strawberry mu wowonjezera kutentha m'matumba ndi mumaphika ang'onoang'ono amakula kokha kudzera mbande.
Nthaka kuti ikule
Kuti mupeze zipatso zambiri pamtundu wobiriwira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Njira zabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka mutabzala mbewu za chimanga. Mutha kutenga malo oyaka, koma ayenera "kuwunikiridwa" ndi utuchi wowola. Akatswiri a zaumisiri salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo a sitiroberi mutatha kupanga mbewu ndi mbatata.
Kulemeretsa dothi lomwe lakonzedwa kuti likule zipatso za zipatso nthawi yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa feteleza wa organic (manyowa, kompositi, peat) ndi michere (superphosphate, potaziyamu, urea). Tekinoloje yokulira ma sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza wa mineral wopangidwira makamaka kwa sitiroberi komanso kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake kazinthu zofunika kupezera zinthu ndi michere.
Kupeza zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kubzala
Kuti mukule mabulosi am'miyezi yozizira, muyenera kusamala kuti mupeze zofunikira kubzala zanthete mkati mwa chilimwe. Mutha kutenga mbande zodzala mu wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito masharubu a mbewu za chiberekero zomwe zikukula poyera.
Ngakhale pa fruiting yamchiberekero tchire, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino kwambiri, ndikupatsa ambiri mazira ndi zipatso. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusiya nawo masharubu ndi timera tating'ono, tomwe tidzagwiritse ntchito m'tsogolo muno muuwisi. M'tchire limodzi, simusiya malo opitilira 4-5, kuti mbewu zazing'ono zitha kulandira chakudya kuchokera ku chitsamba cha chiberekero ndikukula.
M'mwezi wa Julayi, mbewu zokhazikitsidwa ndi nthochi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi tchire ndipo mayi wobzala pabedi kwakanthawi. Pakati pa yophukira (Okutobala), mbande za sitiroberi zimasinthidwa m'miphika yaying'ono ndikusungidwa pamalo abwino (+2 - +5) mpaka pakati pa Novembala. Munali panthawiyi pomwe kubzala mbewu zazing'ono m'malo okhazikika kumayambira. Kuti mupeze mizu ndi kuyala masamba a mbewu yamtsogolo, kuwunika pang'ono sikufunika, kotero, kuwunikira kowonjezereka sikofunikira pakati pa Januware.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
M'nyengo yozizira, sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha amaika kwambiri kutentha kwa chipindacho, ndichifukwa chake mbewu iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino mukamakhala m'nyumba. Ngati, mutabzala mbewu zazing'ono, kutentha sikuyenera kukwera pamwamba pa 10, kenako ndikamakula, kuyenera kukulira pang'onopang'ono mpaka 18-20. Maluwa oyambilira akangotuluka, kupewa kugwera m'mimba, kutentha kumakwera kufika pa 23-25. kumaipitsa zipatso.
Chinyezi chimakhalanso chofunikira kukolola kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala mbande, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopambana, chinyezi cha mpweya sichiyenera kugwa pansi 85%. M'tsogolomu, chinyezi chimayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 75%. Pa maluwa ndi zipatso, mpweya chinyezi sayenera kupitirira 70%. Iyi ndiye njira yokha yochotsera matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus.
Makina opepuka akukulira sitiroberi mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi yozizira
Popanda kuyatsa bwino, simungayembekezere zokolola zazitali nthawi yozizira. Kuti zikule bwino, mbewu zimafunikira kukulira masana mpaka maola 12 pa nthawi yopanga zipatso, maluwa ndi zipatso. Mutha kuchita izi motere:
- m'mawa kuunikaku kumawonekera 8 koloko m'mawa ndipo kumayamba cha 11 koloko m'mawa.
- Madzulo, kusinthira kumachitika maola 17 ndipo kumatha maola 20.
Chifukwa chake, sitiroberi wobiriwira amalandira kuchuluka kofunikira. Kwa mbewu, "kusalowerera ndale" nthawi yino ndikokwanira pakulimbitsa bwino.
Ambiri wamaluwa omwe amalima sitiroberi nthawi yozizira mu wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe komweko, mutha kulowa feteleza wofunikira wamadzimadzi. Nthawi yonse yakukula, muyenera kudyetsa mbewu ndi yankho la superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Chitani njirayi mwezi uliwonse.
Kutsatira malamulowa, mlimi aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi chitsimikizo kuti zipatso zatsopano zidzawoneka patebulo lake masiku ozizira.
