Osati aliyense wobzala maluwa atha kutchula mayina khumi oyimira odziwika a banja la astro. Komabe, ili ndi chomera chosangalatsa, chotchedwa gazania kapena gatsaniya. Mwa anthu wamba amatchedwa dzuwa daisy kapena dzuwa lamasana. Izi ndizosavuta kufotokozera, popeza ndi nthawi yoti maluwa atayamba kutseguka mumera uno. Dziko lakwawo la asczania ndi Mozambique, kuchokera komwe adafalikira mpaka ku kontinenti ya Europe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, duwa limafalikira monga chaka ndi chaka.
Koma mulimonsemo, mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa zomwe akukula panzania poyera, komanso malamulo owasamalira. Chidziwitso ichi ndi chofunikira kwa aliyense woyambitsa kumene, chifukwa amakulolani kukongoletsa duwa lanu ndi duwa ili, lomwe lidzasinthe m'chilimwe chifukwa cha splashes zokongola komanso kukopa kowoneka bwino.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya gatsaniya
Chithunzi cha chomera sichisiya aliyense wopanda chidwi, koma iwo amene akufuna kuwabzala pamalo awo sangapweteke kuti adziwe mawonekedwe ake poyamba.
Mtengowu ungatchulidwe kuti undersized, chifukwa Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 30 cm zokha. Zoyambira zake zimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba owala kwambiri omwe ali ndi udzu kapena wobiriwira wakuda. Ndizofunikira kuti musangoteteza ku kuzizira, komanso kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa chinyontho nthawi ya kutentha. Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa gatsaniya ndi mbewu zina, chifukwa imawonekera posiyana ndi abale ake ndi maluwa owala ndi dzuwa. Ma inflorescence ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi lalanje, achikaso, ofiira, omwe amakwaniritsa bwino dera lamdima pafupi ndi maziko. Kufikira mitengo ya inflorescence 30 imatha kumera pachitsamba chimodzi cha gatsaniya panthawi imodzi.
Mtundu wa African Chamomile mulinso mitundu 40. Komabe, tili ndi chidwi ndi otchuka kwambiri a iwo.
- Shiny gatsaniya. Zokongoletsera zake ndi maluwa a tubular okhala ndi mtundu wofiirira-wakuda, lalanje kapena wachikaso. Malo akuda kapena oyera amakhala nthawi zonse pafupi ndi maziko.
- Gatzany potsi. Mwanjira zambiri, mitundu iyi imafanana kwambiri ndi kuwongola kupatula kukula kwa maluwa, omwe ndi okulirapo. Pakatikati pa inflorescences pamtunduwu wa gatsaniya pafupifupi 11 cm.
- Longshot gatsaniya. Maluwa amakula ngati pachaka ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi masamba onse. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukula mpaka kutalika masentimita 20. Dengu limapangidwa ndi maluwa amkati ndi mabango amtundu wachikasu, omwe amakhala ndi masamba ofiira.
- Peacock gatsaniya. Masamba yopapatiza komanso yotalika mosiyanasiyana imapereka chiyambi. Amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu kapena lalanje okhala ndi besi zakuda.
Mitundu ya mbewuyi ndi mitundu ina: wowonjezera, cirrus ndi wosakanizidwa gazania. Zithunzi zamtunduwu zimatha kupezeka mosavuta pa ukonde.
Pali ma hybrids ambiri mmenemo, omwe ndi chifukwa chodutsa mwankhanza (wonyezimira) ndi mitundu yowombera yayitali. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yoyambirira, ma hybrids amapilira nthawi yabwino nyengo komanso matenda. Pakati pa hybrids, magawo otsatirawa a gatsaniya adatchuka kwambiri:
- "Minister". Mukukula, amawoneka mabasiketi oyera ndi malalanje;
- "Mzere Wofiyira Wam'mawa". Zoyipa za gatsaniya izi zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa achikasu, omwe amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira. Dzuwa litangotuluka, maluwa amayamba kutseguka ndikukhalabe munthawi ino mpaka kulowa dzuwa;
- "Maluso." Pazinthuzo ndikofunikira kuwonetsa masamba ndi maluwa okongoletsa omwe amakhala otseguka masana masana. Chifukwa chake, mutha kulingalira za kukongola kwa gazania kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe gatsaniya, kaya ndi cha pachaka kapena chazaka zonse, sichingakubweretsereni mavuto. Kupatula apo, pakukula kwake, simudzakumana ndi zovuta pakusamalira ndipo nthawi yotentha mungathe kukhala ndi maluwa ambiri odabwitsa.
Kuti tipewe tchire tating'ono kuti tisawononge zipatso za masika, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yabwino kubzala m'nthaka. Muyenera kukonzekera mwambowu kumapeto kwa Meyi-kuyamba kwa Juni. Koma, choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera malo oyenera kubzala, pomwe nthaka, yodziwika ndi chonde komanso yopepuka. Gatsaniya ndi chomera choleza chilala, chimatha kupirira dzuwa popanda zotsatira zake.
Kuika kwa Gatsaniya m'miphika kupita kumalo kosatha kuyenera kuchitika pamodzi ndi mtanda wina, womwe ungakuthandizeni kupewa kuvulala ndi mizu. Zomera siziyenera kuyandikira 20 cm kuchokera pa wina ndi mzake. Maluwa oyamba a gatsaniya amawonekera kale kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo adzakondweretsa wosamalira mundawo mpaka nyengo yozizira yoyamba itazizira.
Tchire lokhazikika bwino limatha kupirira nthawi yoyambilira ya nthawi yophukira usiku, ngati ili yotentha masana, monga chilimwe.
Ntchito Zosamalira
Kusamalira Gatzania kumaphatikizapo kumasula dothi pafupipafupi, kuwongolera maudzu, komanso kuchotsera nthawi yotsika mitengo yamafesi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyika nthaka m'nthaka, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kuchepa kwa chinyontho, komanso, sizimalola namsongole kukula.
Ena wamaluwa amalima gatsaniya chaka chilichonse. Potere, mutatha maluwa, gawo lomwe latsala pamwamba lidzayenera kuwonongeka. Ngati mukufuna gatsaniya kukusangalatsani ndi maluwa ambiri mu nyengo yotsatira, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita izi: m'dzinja, tchire limakumbidwa mosamala pansi, ndikuyika mabokosi ndikusungidwa kuti lisungidwe m'chipinda momwe kutentha kosasintha kumakhala kosachepera madigiri 10. M'nyengo yozizira, gatsaniya sayenera kusowa kuyatsa ndi kuthirira, zomwe zimayenera kukhala zochenjera panthawi ino ya chaka. Onetsetsani kuti mwachepetsa mphukira mpaka theka. Chapakatikati, tchire la gatsaniya bwino limabwezeretsa malo awo.
Kufalitsa ndi kudyetsa gatsanii
Mutha kupeza tchire latsopano la gatsaniya pofesa mbewu kapena mosadya.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuyembekezera maluwa oyamba - pafupi miyezi itatu kapena inayi kuchokera nthawi yomwe mphukira yoyamba iwonekera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu pobzala m'zaka ziwiri zotsatira, chifukwa pambuyo pake zimatha kumera. Mukabzala, mbewu zimayikidwa patali pafupifupi 3 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zitatha izi, mbewuzo zimayenera kuwazidwa ndi dothi laling'ono, kutsanulira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mtsinje wamadzi, kenako ndikokajambula filimu yowonekera pachochotsekeracho.
Kwa kumera, mabokosi amayenera kusungidwa pamalo owala pomwe akuyenera kuthandizidwa kutentha pa madigiri 20. Muyeneranso kuwulutsa pafupipafupi. Mbewu nthawi zambiri zimamera mu sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Popewa kuvulala ndi mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito makapu a peat pomera mbande. Kukonza zonyamula kumalo osatha kumatha kokha chisanu chatha, ndipo izi zimachitika mu Meyi-June.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Julayi ndi nthawi yabwino yopeza zitsamba zatsopano za boardzany kuchokera kudulidwe. Kuti izi zitheke, zitsulo zosankhidwa ziyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, pomwe chidendene chimayenera kupezeka pakukhudza. Wotuta mphukira zoberekera ayenera kukhala nazo kutalika kosaposa 10 cm. Masamba omwe ali m'munsi amayenera kudulidwa, ndipo malo odulidwa azichitira ndi mizu. Kenako, muli zotakata zotakata zomwe zimakonzedwera kudula, komwe amazitha, kuthiriridwa, ndikujambula filimu kuchokera kumtunda. Pofika mwezi wa Marichi, adapanga mizu yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woganiza zakuzika malo osasunthika kapena povalira maluwa.
Pambuyo poyika gatsaniya poyera, akufunika kuvala pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuthira feteleza wama mineral mu mawonekedwe a yankho kamodzi pamwezi pa nthaka yachonde. Ngati gatsaniya wakula pathanthwe kapena lolemera, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa zovala zapamwamba kuyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka kawiri mwezi umodzi.
Matenda Oopsa ndi Tizilombo
Kuwoneka kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chophwanyidwa tikusamalidwa kapena machitidwe ake osadziwika. Chimodzi mwazakudya zazikulu ndi imvi. Kulimbana nayo kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo, kenako ndikofunikira kuchita zitsamba zathanzi ndi phytosporin.
Kuvulala kwakukulu kwa maluwa a gazania amayamba chifukwa cha nkhono, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata za akangaude. Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nsabwe za m'masamba ndi:
- Fitoverm;
- Akarin.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mpikisano, gwiritsani ntchito fufanon, ditox.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimagwiritsa ntchito kulimbana ndi nkhono, zimangophatikizidwa pamanja.
Kamangidwe kazithunzi
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gazania ndikoyenera Zokongoletsa m'mapiri otsetsereka, komwe amasinthiratu mawonekedwe apaderawa ndi maluwa omwe sangaiwale. Nthawi zambiri, mothandizidwa, kuyang'anira malire, komanso rabatka, kumachitika. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la maluwa ovuta, momwe amathandizira monga ureninia, lobelia, dimorphotheca, arctotis, iberis, ndi zina zambiri.
Pomaliza
Gazania yamaluwa ambiri oyambira ndiwo chomera chodziwika bwino, koma ndiyofunika kuiwona kamodzi kokha, pambuyo pake sangathe kuyiwala kukongola kwake. Koma omwe ali ndi kanyumba kamadzilimwe amatha kusangalala ndi zokongola chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku maluwa a gatsaniya, omwe mumangofunika kuwabzala pamalo abwino ndikutsimikiza nthawi yakudzala mbande pa bedi la mundawo. Chomera ichi ndi imodzi mwa onyoza, chifukwa chake, mavuto pakakulitsa kwa mbewu ndi kumusamalira kunyumba sayenera kuuka.
Gazania imakula bwino m'malo otentha dzuwa, pomwe imasilira feteleza. Ngakhale zibzalidwe patsamba lamiyala, mumayenera kuti zizipeza kawiri pachaka. Komabe, Gazania ikuthokoza chifukwa chakuchita izi ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, omwe apitilira mpaka nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
