Wokhala m'malimwe aliyense wam'munda kapena wamaluwa amadziwa bwino momwe ulimi wothirira ulili m'mundamo ndi m'mundamo. Mitengo yazipatso, maluwa, masamba, udzu wokongoletsera, tchire - mbewu zonsezi zimafuna chinyontho. Yankho lenileni ndi mapampu oti kuthirira mundawo. Chipangizocho ndi chosavuta komanso chothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito. Koma kodi mungasankhe bwanji pampu ya mundawo molondola? Kodi muyenera kuyendera chiyani mukamagula?
Zambiri mapampu othirira m'munda
Pampu ya m'munda imatha kudalira madzi.
Kuthirira chipangizo:
- kuya;
- zapamwamba;
- kuchokera mumtsuko (mbiya);
- ngalande.
Kuti musankhe njira yoyenera yatsamba lanu, muyenera kusankha komwe madziwo achokerako, komanso lingalilani zokonda zazomera. Zimapanga chikondi chokhazikika komanso zakumwa zina zosazizira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mbewu zizilandira madzi amvula. Itha kusonkhanitsidwa mumbale: mbiya, mabeseni kapena zidebe, ndiye kuthirira mabedi.
M'minda yakhitchini ndi nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe pali ma dziwe ndi maiwe. Kusintha kwa madzi kumakhala kothandiza kuzosungira kochita kupanga. Ngati satsukidwa ndi mankhwala, ndiye kuti kuthilira madzi ochokera m'madziwe ndi maiwe amaloledwa. Masamba ena amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena madzi ena, ndipo olima mundawo amawagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira minda yawo. Kutengera komwe madzi amachokera, ndikusankha pampu ya mundawo.
Nzika za chilimwe zimapanganso zitsime momwe zimathirira madzi. Pakupanga kwamtundu wamadzi awa, ndibwino kugula pampu. Izi zikuthandizira njira yonse.
Kodi mapampu a m'munda azikhala otani?
Mapampu onse amapangidwira kupopa madzi. Zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popitiliza kuperekera kwamadzi (kupezeka kwamadzi m'nyumba), pomwe ena kuti agwiritse ntchito kwakanthawi - kuthirira dimba. Mukamasankha cholembera, ndikofunikira kuti musangotengera kutchuka kwa mtunduwo, komanso mphamvu ya pampu, kukhalapo pamsika wamalo ena ake, ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Chipangizo chothiririra chimayenera kukhala chophatikizana momwe tingathere, chaching'ono kukula ndi kulemera. Ngati ndi kotheka, imasunthidwa mosavuta kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo. Sizingakhale zovuta kukhazikitsa, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito. Ngati ulimi wothirira udzakhala wokha, ndiye kuti mapampu a m'munda ndi bwino kusankha zida zoyendetsera kuthamanga, kukakamiza kwa magetsi ndi chosungira madzi. Zinthu izi zimalola kuti chigawo chizigwira ntchito mopanda malire popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za anthu.
Mitundu ya mapampu akumwa kuthirira kuchitsime, zabwino ndi mavuto awo
Mapampu othirira mundawo pachitsime amaikiratu pansi kapena kumizidwa mchitsime. Zimasiyana bwanji?
Pamwamba pakhoza kukhala chipinda chaching'ono chomwe chili pafupi ndi chitsime. Mwa njira iyi, payipi imagwiritsidwa ntchito - gawo limodzi, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi pampu, ndipo linalo limatsitsidwa m'madzi. Komanso, chidacho chimayikidwa pamwamba pa madzi. Kuti muchite izi, pangani choyandama chomwe chingasunge mpope pafupi ndi madzi.
Zolemba zapamwamba ndizotsika mtengo. Kutchuka kwawo ndikokwera kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ndiosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, kuyisamalira ndikuyiyika. Chachikulu ndikuchiyika pakapaka pa mphira. Kuzama kwa pampu sikupita mamita khumi. Kupanikizika kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzimeza mtsinjewo mtunda wa 30 mpaka 50 metres. Uku ndikuchita bwino kwambiri komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mupezeko gawo lalikulu la mundawo. Koma mapampu akumtunda ali ndi chojambula chimodzi - amapanga phokoso lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, amaikidwa mumitengo kapena malo ena omanga ndipo amaikidwa pamiyala ya mphira.
Kusankha kwamagulu am'mbuyomu pakali pano kulipo kwambiri. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda madzi, zimatha kutsitsidwa m'madzi pakuya konse. Chinthu chachikulu sichotsika kuposa mita imodzi kuchokera pansi pa chitsime. Ngati lamuloli linyalanyazidwa, mtundu wa madziwo utha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha mchenga ndi silt mu payipi. Zida zakuya zimayamikiridwa ndi kupsinjika kwabwino kwamadzi oyamwa, ndipo samawululidwa chinyezi.
Koma pampu yotsikira mulinso ndi mbali zake zoipa. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kwawo kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri okha. Komanso, chipangizocho sichotsika mtengo, ndipo chimafunikira malo ena osungira nthawi yozizira.
Miphika ya barrel yothirira m'mundamo
Kutengera zokonda za chomera chothirira, ndiye kuti mapampu a mbiya zakuthirira m'mundawo ndi oyenera kwambiri. Kukutula mitengo ndi tchire, masamba amafunika madzi okhazikika komanso otentha. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kuchitsime) kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, m'mindayo mumanga ma dziwe ndi maiwe oyengereza. Pakupopa madzi kuchokera kwa iwo kupita pamalowa pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu a mbiya.
Zomwe zili bwino pampu yotere:
- Poyamba, imakhala ndi zidutswa zomwe zimayikidwa pazenera za matupi amadzi;
- Kachiwiri, pampu ndi yaying'ono kukula ndi kulemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kuyinyamula mozungulira malowo;
- Kachitatu, chida chothirira chimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri: kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 metres;
- chachinayi, kutulutsa kwamadzi mpaka 3000 malita;
- Chachisanu, chodzichitira chokha, chifukwa cha kachitidwe kameneka, mutha kusankha njira zabwino zothirira;
- Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, kukhalapo kwa fyuluta yomwe imalola kupopera ngakhale madzi osaphatikizidwa, kapena mayankho feteleza;
- Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, mtengo wa pampu ndi wotsika;
- wachisanu ndi chitatu, phokoso lotsika.
Pakati pa anthu okhala muchilimwe ndi olima dimba, ma pumpu awiri oyenda m'migawo iwiri otungira madzi m'mundamo ndiwotchuka kwambiri. Amakhala olimba pakugwira ntchito.
Mapa amapopera madzi kuthirira
Mapaipi oyikira kuthirira mundawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopa madzi akuda: mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku matupi amadzi amadzi - nyanja kapena mitsinje. Zida zotere sizimawopa zinyalala. Ma pampuwo amakhala ndi zida zokhala ndi ma shredders omwe amatha kuthira masamba kapena nyulu. Malo opangira ngalawa ndi njira yabwino yothetsera maiwe obisika. Wodula amadula udzu, amasenda tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono ndikuwonetsa pamodzi ndi madzi. Izi zimathandizira kuti dothi lilandire feteleza wina wa michere. Mitundu ina yamapampu sangathe kugwira ntchito ndi madzi akuda, chifukwa nthawi zonse imatseka, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakonzedwa.
