Nyemba zidabwera kudziko lathu lapansi kuzama kwa zaka zambiri. Pazinthu zingapo zodziwika bwino zoyambira padziko lapansi, nyemba ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa anthu. Pochuluka ndi nyemba, ali pamiyala yamphesa ndi mbatata. Dziko la nyemba ndi dziko la America, pomwe limakulabe kuthengo. Pamenepo nyemba, chimanga ndi dzungu zimapanga maziko a zakudya.
Mbiri yakuwonekera kwa nyemba ku Europe
Iwo ati Columbus adapeza America, koma ndikofunikanso ku kontinenti yoyera kuti pakati pazomera zambiri zakunja, nyemba zomwe zimatsegulidwa ku Europe zimabweretsedwa kuno. Chomera ichi, ngakhale mpainiyayo adapereka umboni wa kufunika kwake kwa zakudya, adaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokha kukongoletsa.
Chifukwa chake, poyamba mlendowo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira minda, ndiye chifukwa cha zodzikongoletsera, ndikupanga masks ndi pogaya kuchokera pa nyemba. Russia idalandira zokongoletsera zopindika m'zaka za m'ma 1800, chifukwa cha zakudya, idagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake.
Nyemba zamitundu yodziwika ku Asia zinkadziwika ku Egypt ndi China kuzaka zathu zapitazo ndipo zinali chakudya chofunikira kwa otchuka. Zinapezeka kuti ngakhale mitundu yokongoletsa ya nyemba ndi yoyenera kudya. Chifukwa chake, kulekanitsa mitundu ndikofunikira, onse ndi chakudya. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya mbewu. Zopezeka mwapadera chifukwa chosankha mitundu yokhala ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za 500. Amasiyana m'njira zambiri, mitundu ina imafotokozedwa munkhaniyi ndipo zithunzi zawo zimawonetsedwa.
Lima Nyemba
Nyemba zamtunduwu zidadziwika ndi dzina lomwe limachokera kudera lomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lima idatchulidwapo. Dzinalo ndi nyemba zooneka ngati mwezi kapena batala chotchedwa mkoma wabwino. Nyemba za Lima zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mbewu - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Nyemba zimabwera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira yoyera mpaka pafupifupi yakuda yokhala ndi phale kapena mawonekedwe. Zothandiza pa katundu, mtengo wa nyemba zamtunduwu - pakupatsa zakudya zamapuloteni ku thupi, monga prophylactic motsutsana ndi khansa yamatumbo.
Malondawa ndi othandiza pazinthu zazitsulo zambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga magazi. Folate imakongoletsa zochitika zamtima, ndipo magnesium imalimbikitsa ndikubwezeretsanso dongosolo loyenderera.
Folate ndi thiamine zopezeka mu nyemba za nyemba za Lima zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zimachepetsa mafuta a cholesterol kukhala abwinobwino.
Haricot siliculose violet
Nyemba zamtunduwu zimatchedwa Chijojiya kapena zimadziwika kuti chilankhulo cha Dragon. Chizindikiro cha mitunduyo ndi mtundu wa ma pod. Itha kupindika, ndikuwala mwachikasu pa thupi lofiirira. Liana amakula mpaka 3.5 m, ndipo kuzungulira kobiriwira kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Nyemba za chinangwa zimasanduka zobiriwira zowoneka bwino zikagonjetsedwa m'madzi otentha. Kutalika kwa malembawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mbewu yanthete yokonda kutentha sing'anga imakonda nthaka yoderera komanso yopanda chonde. Mbeu zacha ndi zofiirira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mmera mu gawo la scapula komanso ngati mbewu yambewu. Ma podawo alibe zikopa.
Nyemba zaku Kenya
Mtundu wa nyemba zobiriwira ndizosiyana ndi mitundu yotchuka pakuwoneka ndi kukula kwake. Wobadwa ku Africa, nyemba izi zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda komanso maudzu aatali kwambiri. Pakatikati, pod ndi pafupifupi theka la sentimita, ndipo amakoma kwambiri. Ndikokwanira kugwirizira nyemba za nyemba zaku Kenya m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 4-5, ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Kusunga masamba obiriwira owala, ukatha kutentha amviikidwa mumadzi oundana. Ndi mankhwala awa otsekemera kukoma ndi zipatso zopatsa thanzi, ma saladi amakonzedwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mbali yodziyimira mbali ya mbale ya nyama. Mphamvu zopindulitsa za nyemba zaku Kenya zimathandizidwanso ndi nthawi yochepa yophika. Mavitamini onse ndi ma antioxidants amasungidwa. Ichi ndi chinthu chodula kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya nyemba za chingwe.
Nyemba zokongoletsera
Nyemba zonse zopindika zimatha kupanga hedward ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yaying'ono yazomanga. Komabe, obereketsa amapanga mitundu yatsopano yomwe, chifukwa cha maluwa okongoletsa kwambiri, nthambi, maudzu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amapanga mipanda yabwino yobiriwira, kenako ndikupatsanso mbewuyo ngati chakudya.
Nyemba zokongoletsera pachithunzichi zimaphatikizapo nyemba zaku Mexico, Nyemba Zokongoletsa za Dolichos, nyemba zofiira zamoto zomwe zimakula mpaka 4 m kutalika. Nyemba zofiira ku Mexico zimakula mpaka 4 metres, nyemba zake ndi zapinki, zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika, ndizochepa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake pa izi mphete za mitundu yambiri zimacha. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mumapangidwe am Manor mumatha kuwona nyemba zofiira zamoto.
Nyemba phala
Nyemba zamtundu wama India zomwe zimakhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimasiyana ndi ma nyemba zapamwamba mumapangidwe awo ozungulira. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi gulu, mtundu wa nyemba zamakono zasinthidwa kupita ku mtundu wa Vigna. Nyemba zamtunduwu zimapezeka pansi pa dzina mung nyemba kapena nyemba zagolide.
Ku India, amagwiritsa ntchito peeled mung yotchedwa dhal ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika zakudya komanso m'mbale zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo lopatulika.
Nyemba zokhala ndi nyemba zongotuluka kumene zasanduka chakudya chotchuka ku Europe. Nthanga za nyemba zimadyedwa popanda chithandizo cha kutentha ngati chowonjezera cha saladi zovuta kapena padera. Mash imaphukira pambuyo poti idulidwe bwino, kotero kuti kudya chinthu chofunikira sikupeza E. coli.
Nyemba zingwe zachikasu
Nyemba zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira sizili zosiyana kwambiri. Seti ya zida zothandiza komanso njira zothandizira zikufanana. Kuchulukitsa kwa proitamin A kokha kokulirapo. Nyemba zazingwe zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya, popeza zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yaumbidwe m'njira yabwino. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa malonda ake ndi chofatsa, mphindi zochepa chabe, kotero mawonekedwe othandizira amawonongeka pang'ono. Iwo omwe, chifukwa cha thanzi lawo losakhazikika, sangadye nyemba za chimanga, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zachikasu pakudya kwawo. Pulogalamu yokhala ndi calorie ochepa, 24 kcal yokha pa 100 g imalola kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zobiriwira kuti muchepetse kunenepa.
Poyamba, nyemba zazing'onoting'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe nyemba, ndipo pambuyo pake French adapanga mtundu wina wa nyemba womwe unalibe mbale ya masamba mumasamba a pod. Amadziwika kuti katsitsumzukwa kapena nyemba za ku France.
Nyemba zazingwe zachikaso, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, zimatchedwa mafuta, chifukwa zimasungunuka mkamwa, zimakhala zofewa. Palinso nyemba zachikasu, zomwe zimasiyana ndi chilli m'matumba akuluakulu, omwe amatha kukhala owoneka ofiirira, koma nyemba mkati mwake ndi zachikasu, ndipo atatha kutentha mankhwalawa amasinthanso chikaso.
Nyemba Diso lakuda
Mitundu ya nyemba zoyera zokhala ndi malo owala amtundu wakuda ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za nyemba kwa okhala ku Africa, Iran ndi madera akumwera kwa America. Nyemba zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati ndimakoma, ndipo zimatengedwa ngati mtundu wa ng'ombe. Amaphika ndi kuwotcha koyambirira, koma amaphika kwakanthawi kochepa, pafupifupi ola limodzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha nkhono yoonda.
Fungo lamphamvu lamasamba omwe amachokera m'mbale komanso zofunikira zomwe sizisowa zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zizindikirike ngakhale mu mbale yomalizidwa. Uwu ndiye mbewu yabwino kwambiri pamitundu yonse. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cham'chaka chatsopano ku America ku America chotchedwa "dumpha John".
Nkhaniyi yatchulako gawo laling'ono la mitunduyo, koma podziwa zabwino za kudya nyemba, aliyense atha kupeza mtundu womwe umakwaniritsa zosowa za aliyense payekha.
